Essential Knowledge and Skills - 110.22 Grade 6 - Lang. Arts

Listening/speaking/purposes.
- 110.22.1 - The student listens actively and purposefully in a variety of settings.
  - 110.22.1.A - determine the purposes for listening such as to gain information, to solve problems, or to enjoy and appreciate
  - 110.22.1.B - eliminate barriers to effective listening
  - 110.22.1.C - understand the major ideas and supporting evidence in spoken messages
  - 110.22.1.D - listen to learn by taking notes, organizing, and summarizing spoken ideas.
Listening/speaking/critical listening.
- 110.22.2 - The student listens critically to analyze and evaluate a speaker's message(s).
  - 110.22.2.A - interpret speakers' messages (both verbal and nonverbal), purposes, and perspectives
  - 110.22.2.B - identify and analyze a speaker's persuasive techniques such as selling, convincing, and using propaganda
  - 110.22.2.C - distinguish between the speaker's opinion and verifiable fact
  - 110.22.2.D - monitor his/her own understanding of the spoken message and seek clarification as needed
  - 110.22.2.E - compare his/her own perception of a spoken message with the perception of others
  - 110.22.2.F - evaluate a spoken message in terms of its content, credibility, and delivery.
Listening/speaking/appreciation.
- 110.22.3 - The student listens, enjoys, and appreciates spoken language.
  - 110.22.3.A - listen to proficient, fluent models of oral reading, including selections from classic and contemporary works
  - 110.22.3.B - analyze oral interpretations of literature for effects on the listener
  - 110.22.3.C - analyze the use of aesthetic language for its effects.
Listening/speaking/culture.
- 110.22.4 - The student listens and speaks both to gain and share knowledge of his/her own culture, the culture of others, and the common elements of cultures.
  - 110.22.4.A - connect his/her own experiences, information, insights, and ideas with those of others through speaking and listening
  - 110.22.4.B - compare oral traditions across regions and cultures
  - 110.22.4.C - identify how language use such as labels and sayings reflects regions and cultures.
Listening/speaking/audiences.
- 110.22.5 - The student speaks clearly and appropriately to different audiences for different purposes and occasions.
  - 110.22.5.A - adapt spoken language such as word choice, diction, and usage to the audience, purpose, and occasion
  - 110.22.5.B - demonstrate effective communications skills that reflect such demands as interviewing, reporting, requesting, and providing information
  - 110.22.5.C - present dramatic interpretations of experiences, stories, poems, or plays to communicate
  - 110.22.5.D - generate criteria to evaluate his/her own oral presentations and the presentations of others
  - 110.22.5.E - use effective rate, volume, pitch, and tone for the audience and setting
  - 110.22.5.F - clarify and support spoken ideas with evidence, elaborations, and examples.
Reading/word identification.
- 110.22.6 - The student uses a variety of word recognition strategies.
  - 110.22.6.A - apply knowledge of letter-sound correspondences, language structure, and context to recognize words
  - 110.22.6.B - use structural analysis to identify root words with prefixes such as dis-, non-, in-; and suffixes such as -ness, -tion, -able
  - 110.22.6.C - locate the meanings, pronunciations, and derivations of unfamiliar words using dictionaries, glossaries, and other sources.
Reading/fluency.
- 110.22.7 - The student reads with fluency and understanding in texts at appropriate difficulty levels.
  - 110.22.7.A - read regularly in independent-level materials (texts in which no more than approximately 1 in 20 words is difficult for the reader)
  - 110.22.7.B - read regularly in instructional-level materials that are challenging but manageable (texts in which no more than approximately 1 in 10 words is difficult for the reader)
  - 110.22.7.C - demonstrate characteristics of fluent and effective reading
  - 110.22.7.D - adjust reading rate based on purposes for reading
  - 110.22.7.E - read aloud in selected texts in ways that both reflect understanding of the text and engage the listeners
  - 110.22.7.F - read silently with increasing ease for longer periods.
Reading/variety of texts.
- 110.22.8 - The student reads widely for different purposes in varied sources.
  - 110.22.8.A - read classic and contemporary works
  - 110.22.8.B - select varied sources such as nonfiction, novels, textbooks, newspapers, and magazines when reading for information or pleasure
  - 110.22.8.C - read for varied purposes such as to be informed, to be entertained, to appreciate the writer's craft, and to discover models for his/her own writing
  - 110.22.8.D - read to take action such as to complete forms, make informed recommendations, and write a response.
Reading/vocabulary development.
- 110.22.9 - The student acquires an extensive vocabulary through reading and systematic word study.
  - 110.22.9.A - develop vocabulary by listening to selections read aloud
  - 110.22.9.B - draw on experiences to bring meanings to words in context such as interpreting figurative language and multiple-meaning words and analogies
  - 110.22.9.C - use multiple reference aids, including a thesaurus, a synonym finder, a dictionary, and software, to clarify meanings and usage
  - 110.22.9.D - determine meanings of derivatives by applying knowledge of the meanings of root words such as like, pay, or happy and affixes such as dis-, pre-, un-
  - 110.22.9.E - study word meanings systematically such as across curricular content areas and through current events
  - 110.22.9.F - distinguish denotative and connotative meanings
  - 110.22.9.G - use word origins as an aid to understanding historical influences on English word meanings.
Reading/comprehension.
- 110.22.10 - The student comprehends selections using a variety of strategies.
  - 110.22.10.A - use his/her own knowledge and experience to comprehend
  - 110.22.10.B - establish and adjust purposes for reading such as reading to find out, to understand, to interpret, to enjoy, and to solve problems
  - 110.22.10.C - monitor his/her own comprehension and make modifications when understanding breaks down such as by rereading a portion aloud, using reference aids, searching for clues, and asking questions
  - 110.22.10.D - describe mental images that text descriptions evoke
  - 110.22.10.E - use the text's structure or progression of ideas such as cause and effect or chronology to locate and recall information
  - 110.22.10.F - determine a text's main (or major) ideas and how those ideas are supported with details
  - 110.22.10.G - paraphrase and summarize text to recall, inform, and organize ideas
  - 110.22.10.H - draw inferences such as conclusions or generalizations and support them with text evidence and experience
  - 110.22.10.I - find similarities and differences across texts such as in treatment, scope, or organization
  - 110.22.10.J - distinguish fact and opinion in various texts
  - 110.22.10.K - answer different types and levels of questions such as open-ended, literal, and interpretative as well as test-like questions such as multiple choice, true-false, and short answer
  - 110.22.10.L - represent text information in different ways such as in outline, timeline, or graphic organizer.
  - 110.22.10.M - use study strategies to learn and recall important ideas from texts such as preview, question, reread, and record.
Reading/literary response.
- 110.22.11 - The student expresses and supports responses to various types of texts.
  - 110.22.11.A - offer observations, make connections, react, speculate, interpret, and raise questions in response to texts
  - 110.22.11.B - interpret text ideas through such varied means as journal writing, discussion, enactment, media
  - 110.22.11.C - support responses by referring to relevant aspects of text and his/her own experiences
  - 110.22.11.D - connect, compare, and contrast ideas, themes, and issues across text.
Reading/text structures/literary concepts.
- 110.22.12 - The student analyzes the characteristics of various types of texts (genres).
  - 110.22.12.A - identify the purposes of different types of texts such as to inform, influence, express, or entertain
  - 110.22.12.B - recognize the distinguishing features of genres, including biography, historical fiction, informational texts, and poetry
  - 110.22.12.C - compare communication in different forms such as contrasting a dramatic performance with a print version of the same story or comparing story variants
  - 110.22.12.D - understand and identify literary terms such as playwright, theater, stage, act, dialogue, analogy, and scene across a variety of literary forms (texts)
  - 110.22.12.E - understand literary forms by recognizing and distinguishing among such types of text as stories, poems, myths, fables, tall tales, limericks, plays, biographies, and autobiographies
  - 110.22.12.F - analyze characters, including their traits, motivations, conflicts, points of view, relationships, and changes they undergo
  - 110.22.12.G - recognize and analyze story plot, setting, and problem resolution
  - 110.22.12.H - describe how the author's perspective or point of view affects the text
  - 110.22.12.I - analyze ways authors organize and present ideas such as through cause/effect, compare/contrast, inductively, deductively, or chronologically
  - 110.22.12.J - recognize and interpret literary devices such as flashback, foreshadowing, and symbolism
  - 110.22.12.K - recognize how style, tone, and mood contribute to the effect of the text.
Reading/inquiry/research.
- 110.22.13 - The student inquires and conducts research using a variety of sources.
  - 110.22.13.A - form and revise questions for investigations, including questions arising from interests and units of study
  - 110.22.13.B - use text organizers, including headings, graphic features, and tables of contents, to locate and organize information
  - 110.22.13.C - use multiple sources, including electronic texts, experts, and print resources, to locate information relevant to research questions
  - 110.22.13.D - interpret and use graphic sources of information such as maps, graphs, timelines, tables, and diagrams to address research questions
  - 110.22.13.E - summarize and organize information from multiple sources by taking notes, outlining ideas, or making charts
  - 110.22.13.F - produce research projects and reports in effective formats using visuals to support meaning, as appropriate
  - 110.22.13.G - draw conclusions from information gathered from multiple sources
  - 110.22.13.H - use compiled information and knowledge to raise additional, unanswered questions
  - 110.22.13.I - present organized statements, reports, and speeches using visuals or media to support meaning, as appropriate.
Reading/culture.
- 110.22.14 - The student reads to increase knowledge of his/her own culture, the culture of others, and the common elements of cultures.
  - 110.22.14.A - compare text events with his/her own and other readers' experiences
  - 110.22.14.B - determine distinctive and common characteristics of cultures through wide reading
  - 110.22.14.C - articulate and discuss themes and connections that cross cultures.
Writing/purposes.
- 110.22.15 - The student writes for a variety of audiences and purposes, and in a variety of forms.
  - 110.22.15.A - write to express, discover, record, develop, reflect on ideas, and to problem solve
  - 110.22.15.B - write to influence such as to persuade, argue, and request
  - 110.22.15.C - write to inform such as to explain, describe, report, and narrate
  - 110.22.15.D - write to entertain such as to compose humorous poems or short stories
  - 110.22.15.E - select and use voice and style appropriate to audience and purpose
  - 110.22.15.F - choose the appropriate form for his/her own purpose for writing, including journals, letters, reviews, poems, narratives, and instructions
  - 110.22.15.G - use literary devices effectively such as suspense, dialogue, and figurative language
  - 110.22.15.H - produce cohesive and coherent written texts by organizing ideas, using effective transitions, and choosing precise wording.
Writing/penmanship/capitalization/punctuation/spelling.
- 110.22.16 - The student composes original texts, applying the conventions of written language such as capitalization, punctuation, penmanship, and spelling to communicate clearly.
  - 110.22.16.A - write legibly by selecting cursive or manuscript as appropriate
  - 110.22.16.B - capitalize and punctuate correctly to clarify and enhance meaning such as capitalizing titles, using hyphens, semicolons, colons, possessives, and sentence punctuation
  - 110.22.16.C - write with accurate spelling of syllable constructions, including closed, open, consonant before -le, and syllable boundary patterns
  - 110.22.16.D - write with accurate spelling of roots such as drink, speak, read, or happy, inflections such as those that change tense or number, suffixes such as -able or -less, and prefixes such as re- or un-
  - 110.22.16.E - use resources to find correct spellings
  - 110.22.16.F - spell accurately in final drafts
  - 110.22.16.G - understand the influence of other languages and cultures on the spelling of English words.
Writing/grammar/usage.
- 110.22.17 - The student applies standard grammar and usage to communicate clearly and effectively in writing.
  - 110.22.17.A - use regular and irregular plurals correctly
  - 110.22.17.B - write in complete sentences, varying the types such as compound and complex, and use of appropriately punctuated dependent clauses
  - 110.22.17.C - use conjunctions to connect ideas meaningfully
  - 110.22.17.D - use adjectives (comparative and superlative forms) and adverbs appropriately to make writing vivid or precise
  - 110.22.17.E - use prepositional phrases to elaborate written ideas
  - 110.22.17.F - employ standard English usage in writing for audiences, including subject-verb agreement, pronoun referents, and parts of speech
  - 110.22.17.G - use verb tenses appropriately and consistently such as present, past, future, perfect, and progressive
  - 110.22.17.H - write with increasing accuracy when using apostrophes in contractions such as doesn't and possessives such as Maria's
  - 110.22.17.I - write with increasing accuracy when using pronoun case such as "He and they joined him.".
Writing/writing process.
- 110.22.18 - The student selects and uses writing processes for self-initiated and assigned writing.
  - 110.22.18.A - generate ideas and plans for writing by using prewriting strategies such as brainstorming, graphic organizers, notes, and logs
  - 110.22.18.B - develop drafts by categorizing ideas, organizing them into paragraphs, and blending paragraphs within larger units of text
  - 110.22.18.C - revise selected drafts by adding, elaborating, deleting, combining, and rearranging text
  - 110.22.18.D - revise drafts for coherence, progression, and logical support of ideas
  - 110.22.18.E - edit drafts for specific purposes such as to ensure standard usage, varied sentence structure, and appropriate word choice
  - 110.22.18.F - use available technology to support aspects of creating, revising, editing, and publishing texts
  - 110.22.18.G - refine selected pieces frequently to "publish" for general and specific audiences
  - 110.22.18.H - proofread his/her own writing and that of others
  - 110.22.18.I - select and use reference materials and resources as needed for writing, revising, and editing final drafts.
Writing/evaluation.
- 110.22.19 - The student evaluates his/her own writing and the writings of others.
  - 110.22.19.A - apply criteria to evaluate writing
  - 110.22.19.B - respond in constructive ways to others' writings
  - 110.22.19.C - evaluate how well his/her own writing achieves its purposes
  - 110.22.19.D - analyze published examples as models for writing
  - 110.22.19.E - review a collection of written works to determine its strengths and weaknesses and to set goals as a writer.
Writing/inquiry/research.
- 110.22.20 - The student uses writing as a tool for learning and research.
  - 110.22.20.A - frame questions to direct research
  - 110.22.20.B - organize prior knowledge about a topic in a variety of ways such as by producing a graphic organizer
  - 110.22.20.C - take notes from relevant and authoritative sources such as guest speakers, periodicals, and on-line searches
  - 110.22.20.D - summarize and organize ideas gained from multiple sources in useful ways such as outlines, conceptual maps, learning logs, and timelines
  - 110.22.20.E - present information in various forms using available technology
  - 110.22.20.F - evaluate his/her own research and raise new questions for further investigation
  - 110.22.20.G - follow accepted formats for writing research, including documenting sources.
Writing/connections.
- 110.22.21 - The student interacts with writers inside and outside the classroom in ways that reflect the practical uses of writing.
  - 110.22.21.A - collaborate with other writers to compose, organize, and revise various types of texts, including letters, news, records, and forms
  - 110.22.21.B - correspond with peers or others via e-mail or conventional mail.
Viewing/representing/interpretation.
- 110.22.22 - The student understands and interprets visual images, messages, and meanings.
  - 110.22.22.A - describe how illustrators' choice of style, elements, and media help to represent or extend the text's meanings
  - 110.22.22.B - interpret important events and ideas gathered from maps, charts, graphics, video segments, or technology presentations
  - 110.22.22.C - use media to compare ideas and points of view.
Viewing/representing/analysis.
- 110.22.23 - The student analyzes and critiques the significance of visual images, messages, and meanings.
  - 110.22.23.A - interpret and evaluate the various ways visual image makers such as illustrators, documentary filmmakers, and political cartoonists represent meanings
  - 110.22.23.B - compare and contrast print, visual, and electronic media such as film with written story
  - 110.22.23.C - evaluate the purposes and effects of varying media such as film, print, and technology presentations
  - 110.22.23.D - evaluate how different media forms influence and inform.
Viewing/representing/production.
- 110.22.24 - The student produces visual images, messages, and meanings that communicate with others.
  - 110.22.24.A - select, organize, or produce visuals to complement and extend meanings
  - 110.22.24.B - produce communications using technology or appropriate media such as developing a class newspaper, multimedia reports, or video reports
  - 110.22.24.C - assess how language, medium, and presentation contribute to the message.